Which hormones does the thyroid release and what are their functions?

Which hormones does the thyroid release and what are their functions?

• A. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) regulate metabolism, digestion, muscle control, and calcium levels.
• B. Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose.
• C. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin regulate calcium.
• D. Adrenaline and noradrenaline regulate sympathetic activity.

Answer: (A)

Thyroid hormones are T3 and T4, and their main job is to set the body's metabolic rate. They influence how quickly cells use energy, as well as protein synthesis and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. This wide impact helps determine body temperature, heart rate, digestion, and even how muscles function, since energy availability and metabolic speed affect muscle performance and GI activity. The thyroid also makes calcitonin from its C cells, which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by acting on bone to reduce calcium release; however, calcium balance is primarily controlled by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, not by T3/T4 themselves. Among the options, the statement that centers on T3 and T4 captures the hormones released by the thyroid and their major metabolic effects, with the calcium aspect reflecting the thyroid’s separate calcitonin function. The other choices list hormones from other glands, not produced by the thyroid.

Thyroid hormones are T3 and T4, and their main job is to set the body's metabolic rate. They influence how quickly cells use energy, as well as protein synthesis and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. This wide impact helps determine body temperature, heart rate, digestion, and even how muscles function, since energy availability and metabolic speed affect muscle performance and GI activity. The thyroid also makes calcitonin from its C cells, which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by acting on bone to reduce calcium release; however, calcium balance is primarily controlled by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, not by T3/T4 themselves. Among the options, the statement that centers on T3 and T4 captures the hormones released by the thyroid and their major metabolic effects, with the calcium aspect reflecting the thyroid’s separate calcitonin function. The other choices list hormones from other glands, not produced by the thyroid.